GraalVM Native Image 实战：从安装到 Spring Boot 3 原生镜像

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# 1. 下载（社区版 JDK 21）
# https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/jdk-21.0.2/graalvm-community-jdk-21.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip

# 2. 解压到 <DEV_DIR>\graalvm-community-openjdk-21.0.2+13.1

# 3. 配置环境变量（PowerShell 管理员）
setx /M GRAALVM_HOME "<DEV_DIR>\graalvm-community-openjdk-21.0.2+13.1"
setx /M JAVA_HOME "%GRAALVM_HOME%"
setx /M Path "%JAVA_HOME%;%Path%"

# 4. 验证
java -version
# openjdk version "21.0.2" 2024-01-16
# OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 21.0.2+13.1 (build 21.0.2+13-jvmci-23.1-b30)

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Native-image building on Windows currently only supports target architecture: AMD64 (?? unsupported)

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# 启动（首次启动约 1.0 秒）
mvn spring-boot:run

# 验证端口
curl http://localhost:8080/hello
# 输出：Hello GraalVM!

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# 必须从 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022 进入
mvn -Pnative native:compile

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[1/8] Initializing...                                                                                    (5.6s @ 0.32GB)
[2/8] Performing analysis...  [******]                                                                  (24.1s @ 1.85GB)
   17,395 reachable types   (90.2% of   19,284 total)
   26,735 reachable fields  (64.7% of   41,310 total)
   82,470 reachable methods (62.9% of  131,060 total)
    5,538 types,   458 fields, and 6,309 methods registered for reflection
[8/8] Creating image...       [***]                                                                      (5.6s @ 2.52GB)
  40.58MB (50.77%) for code area:    53,053 compilation units
  38.89MB (48.67%) for image heap:  405,127 objects and 304 resources
  79.92MB in total

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# 生成的二进制（80MB 级别）
target/graalvm-spb-demo.exe          # Windows
target/graalvm-spb-demo              # Linux

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# 多阶段构建第一阶段：在 x64 Native Tools 环境编译
# 略（见上 mvn -Pnative native:compile）

# 第二阶段：极简运行时镜像（无需 JRE）
FROM scratch
COPY --from=builder /workspace/target/graalvm-spb-demo /app
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]

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[
  {
    "name": "com.example.User",
    "fields": [{"name": "id"}, {"name": "name"}],
    "methods": [{"name": "<init>", "parameterTypes": ["long", "java.lang.String"]}]
  }
]

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// ❌ 错误：运行时类加载 + 反射
Class.forName("com.example.Plugin").newInstance();

// ✅ 正确：AOT 时确定类型 + 显式调用
@BuildTimePlugin
public class MyPlugin implements Plugin {
    public MyPlugin() { /* 显式构造 */ }
}

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# 在 pom.xml 配置 reachability metadata 自动下载
<configuration>
    <metadataRepository>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
        <url>https://repo1.maven.org/maven/org/graalvm/buildtools/maven-plugin-reachability-metadata/</url>
    </metadataRepository>
</configuration>

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# application.yml 关闭不必要功能
spring:
  main:
    lazy-initialization: true  # 延迟初始化（首请求稍慢但启动更快）
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: validate        # 不要每次启动重建表
  data:
    redis:
      repositories:
        enabled: false          # 不用 Spring Data Redis Repository